Additional Links:

• For a brief introduction about LEDs and a wonderful collection of images showing new applications for LEDs, see the tutorial from University of Wisconsin, " LEDs - Light Emitting Diodes"
• The "Lighting Futures" site from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute provides a wealth of information about LEDs, their applications, and new developments in LED technology.
• For more information on bonding and band theory, this tutorial provides explanations at several different levels of understanding.
• Another interesting research application for LEDs is described on this page, by NASA.
• The Lithuanian Institute of Materials Science and Applied Research explains the workings of LEDs and their uses far beyond the scope of this course.