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Chapter 5 Study Guide
Chapter 5 presents the modern theory of gases.
Gases are the lowest-density "phase" of matter, and as
such have a number of unique properties which made them
particularly suitable for many early chemistry experiments,
and many fundamental chemistry principles were discovered
by studying gases. The study of gases involves measurements
of volume and temperature, which we have seen before, and
pressure, which is introduced in this chapter.
The central relationships between these quantities,
Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, and the Ideal Gas Law,
are introduced here, as is Avogadro's hypothesis,
that equal volumes of gases at the same P and T contain equal
numbers of molecules. Finally, partial pressures
and their use in stoichiometry are discussed, and
the microscopic picture is further developed
in terms of the kinetic theory of gases.
Suggested Problems
The following problems (in the textbook) are illustrative of the
important concepts covered in this chapter, and are of comparable
(or greater!) difficulty with what you might see on homeworks or exams:
Chapter 5, problems 31, 32, 35, 37, 43, 44, 48, 53, 56, 59, 67,
71, 73, 74, 76, 82, 88, 89, 91, 95, 96, 101, 104, 107-110, 121.
Physics Review
Many concepts from physics are introduced or used here, such
as force, energy, momentum, etc. For a low-level review of these
subjects, check out
The Physics Classroom.
You should be able to:
- Manipulate and rearrange the Gas Laws
- Use the Gas Laws to solve P,V,T problems
- Use and convert between "L,atm" type units and "J, Pa" type units
- Explain the behavior of gases in terms of the kinetic theory
- Calculate partial pressures and mole fractions
- Do stoichiometry in the gas phase
- Work with gas densities
You should know the ideal gas law and the two frequently used
values of R.
Important topics and Concepts
- Nature of Gases
- Gases have low density
- Gas molecules don't interact much with each other.
- Pressure
- Definition of pressure
- Common units of pressure
- Columns of liquid and manometers
- Gas Laws
- Boyle's Law
- Charles's Law
- Avogadro's Hypothesis
- Ideal Gas Law
- When the Ideal Gas Law is applicable
- Know your Gas Constants !
- ... and how to use them!
- Gases in reactions
- Partial Pressures and mole fractions
- Kinetic Theory of Gases
- Qualitative explanation of the PVT relationships.
- Temperature is a measure of molecular speed
- RMS velocity as a function of T, M
- Rate's of Diffusion & Graham's Law
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